By george



Feb. 9 1926.

H. BOCKISCH AUTOMATIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENT Filed April 21, 1920 3Sheetsj-Sheet l fil/'115, Qminadm; www

Feb. 9 1-926.

H. BOCKISCH AUTOMATIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENT 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April2l, 1920 Q imm Feb. 9 192s. 1,572,857

H. BOCKISCH AUTOMATIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENT Filed April 2l, 1920 3Sheets-Sheet 5 andi@ C/aacc? G,// I7 Qg/ve Z5 Oser:

Patented Fels, 9,

UNl'lED STAFF@ Y Y l' 1,572,851?

HEINRICH BOCKISCH, DECEASED, LATE F PQUGE-KEEPSE, NEW' YGRK; BY GEORGEXV. GTTINS, AIDMNSTRATR, .NEVI Y() PORATION, OF NEl/"ll' YGR-K, Y.,

AUTIYIATC Application led April 21,

To all /Lo/iom/ t muy concern.'

Bc it known that Hummel; looniscrr, deceased, late a. citizen of theRepublic o1 Czechoslovakia, and iiormerly residing at Poughkeepsie, inthe county ot Dutchess and State ot New York, United States of America,invented certain new and useiul lmprovements in Automatic Musicallustruments, ot' which the following` is a specitication.

This invention has relation to record-controlled musical instruments ofthe kind which comprise a plurality oi sets or registers 01" toneelements, each set or register having' a quality of tone ditlierent fromthat oi.' any other sets or registers; and the invention consists,broadly, ot means oi any suitable character operating under control ofrecord-controlled impulses of diiiferent characteristics and selectivelycontrolling the operations of a plurality of sets oi tone elements,whereby a greater number oii tonal eiliects may be controlled from agiven width or area o't record without any restriction in respect of theindividual operation oit any of the tonal effects. The invention furtherconsists in certain novel combinations and arrangements of element, andin cert-ain peculiarities in the construction of parts, en` empliiied hythe construction illustrated in the accompanying drawing-s, saidconstruction representing` a preferred embodiment et the inventionapplied to the operation of a pipe organ, or the like, under control cia perforated note sheet or music roll.

lt should be understood that the broad `features et the invention may beapplied to other musical instriunents than those oi the organ ororchestrion style, land also that it may be furiously organized toutilize impulses of correspondingly different nature`r pneumatic orotherwise, and to he operated under control of other records thanperforated note sheets or music rolls, and Yfurther that, whatever thenature of the impulses or the nature oi the record, selected hy theindividual constructor or desi the mecha nism may be embodied in vaiiouswithout departing' from the spirit et the invention. Nevertheless, itshould be undestood that the invention has great utility when embodiedin ain automatic musical instrument of the organ or orchestrion type forcontrollingv the stop ette-cts thereo'li, and that tile constructionillustrated by the eac- NEUSXCAL NSTREEL.

i923. Serial No. 375,575.

companyinpj drawings has advantages of great importance for which reasonit is not onlyY preferred but has been made the subject ot certainclaims more and less delining the details thereof.

ln other words, would have it understood at the outset, that theinvention is of 'fundamental nature with respect to the purposes whichit accomplishes, and that those clain'is which are not expressly limitedto details oi the illustrated embodiment are to be given the utmostbreadth, having,I in mind the. fundamental nature of the invention withrespect to the purposes in view, namely with respectto the control ofplurality or" sets of tone elements 'forming part of a musicalinstrument, by means forming` a common path `tor record-controlledimpulses and which controls the sets through the intervention ofconnect-ions which are of a selective nature lt is ot course understoodthat in the ordinary humanly played organ each set on register ot toneelements, as pipes for ein ample, is controlled by the opening` andclosing ot a stop corresponding thereto, the opening' oi" the stoprendering its set of tone elements operativ-.fe and the closing of thestop rede-ring it inoperative. The tonal eft'ects produced at aparticular moment may be said to he those \.-,hichy correspond to thekeys which are struck and the particular stop or stops which are open atthat moment, and aA proper interpretation of the musical compositionrequires not only that the proper keys shall he struck in propersuccession and time, but also that the proper stops shall be opened inthe various passages in the composition to produce the eiffccts intendedhy the composer or to bring out beauties in the composition whichotherwise would be lost. in large organs there are many such stops andconsequent-ly many operating; such instruments. lt a well reeognizedfact that such records are very susceptible to climatic influences, andthat they eXpand in a moist atmosphere and contract when dry, and thatsuch contraction or eX- pansion results in imperfect tracking andproduces diseords and improper' operation. This susceptibility isincreased With the Width of the sheet or roll and hence there is a Wellrecognized practical limit to the Width of the sheet or roll, beyondwhich it should not extend, and, indeed, in any case it is important toreduce the Width et' the roll to the nari-cwest practical limit, havingin mind the equally well recognized fact that there are limitations asVto the closeness et' the spacing4 oi' the tracker ducts from eachother. Reduction of the size of the record to as compact an area aspracticable is always important, regardless of the nature of suchrecord, but is especially so when made of perforated paper as they ncivalmost universally are. This invention, there fore, is not continedntoperforated paper records, but is especially beneficial when such recordsare employed.

l For example: ln pneumatically operated mechanisms having a tractor barWhose ducts are opened and closed by pertorations in a note sheet, ithas been the custom in some cases to employ tivo ducts for each set oftone elements, one duet when opened admitting an atmosphere impulse tothe mechanism to render the corresponding4 set of tone elements perativeand the other duct when opened admitting` a like impulse which operatesthe mechanism to again render said set ot tone elements inoperative. Insuch case very few sets of tone elements could be embodied within thepractical limits of the note sheet, tor the reason that the spaceoccupied by two lines et apertures is required for each set et toneelen'ients. In other mechanisms the arrangement is such that one trackerduet serves for both of the foregoing operations, the arrangement beingsuch that when the duct is opened the rst time the corresponding set oftone elements are rendered operative and when the same duct is openedthe second time they are rendered inoperative, and so on. The firstarrangement practically limited the instrument to the use of twelveindividually operable sets of tone elements under control of the record,While the second arrangement permits twenty-'four such sets to beemployed. The second arrangement thus removed some of the restrictions,as compared with the iirst arrangement, but nevertheless has not removedall restrictions for the reason that many organs include a greaternumber of sets of tone elements than can be practically handledindividually even by the second arrangement, and it has been the customin such cases to control the additional stops as a unit so that theycould not be used individually.

One of the very important purposes of the presentY invention is toovercome the foregoing restrictions by means of such nature that aplurality of set-s of tone elements are controlled from a singletracker' duet, or other means forming a path for an operatingI impulseor impulses, in such manner that either set is controllableindividually, either being operable, alone or both together, as requiredin different portions of a musical composition.

ln pursuance of this particular purpose ot the present invention itincludes a mechanism which is characterized, broadly, by the employmentof an element which provides a path tor record-controlled im pulseshaving; dill'erent characteristics and which element has connection witha plurality of mechanisms which respectively control the operation ofthe of tone elements and are of such nature that they are respectivelycontrolled by said impulses and hence are selectively operated thereby.lt will be understood that the control of the plurality'o'l' sets oftone elements by impulses el? dilcrent characteristics transmitted tothe respective operating mechanisms by a common element contemplates theimpulsesI which render the tone elements operative as well as thosewhich cut them out 01 operation. Acc rdingly, it will be seen that thewidth of the space required for the stop controls has been verysubstantially reduced, which very important in any ease, and in thisparticular' esemplification of the invention enables all the sets oftone elements of even the largest organs to be operated individually, aswell as in any desired combination thereof, Within the limits practicalfor a record formed ot pcr forated paper.

The operating impulses which l prefer are et' pneumatic nature, andaccordingly l have illustrated a mechanism which utilizes such impulses,the element over which the pneumatic impulses of diiierer-.teharacteristies are transmitted being a duct such as is commonly usedfor the transinission oi pneumatic impulses but having branches throughwhich the impulses are transn'iitted to the plurality ofcontrollingn'ieehanisn'ls or means to he operated from said duct.liloreover, it is preferred in practice to utilize impulses ot' aparticular duration tor one of the controlling means or mechanisms andimpulses oi" a di lierent duration Yfor the other. The` impulses elditlerent duration constitute a species ot impulses having; ditlerentcharacteristics, of very henelieial nature. In any event, thecontrolling means are severally responsiif'e tunet-ionally to theimpulses having dillcrent characteristics, respectively. For example,

is not necessary that the mech .n

Lei/ees? :3

the controlling mezins for one set ot tone elements would he operativehy the slior i-i impulses and the controlling,` ineens for the other setwould he operative by the longer impulses.

In the humanly played organ the ecrlormer manipulates the stops. ln there ord-played instruments ol the cl iu Whicl stop-effects are controlledhy tl i ranged to operate the stops the produce the ell'ects. ln otherpracticable to operate the con 1 nism directly, i. c. i'ithout theilicol" the stops. The lutter 'irrtugei heen herein exeiiipliiied.l uthough u g in the scope ot the invention to euioouy it that it willcontrol the stop-clicchi irom the record, through the medium ot thestops themselves. Indeed, in :i coAn muscu ep plication excuted hy me otei n d:e h fre- With (Serial lilo. 375,576, ljzitent 1,440,763 there isillustratedj dei claimed o. particularv meeii 't nature whereby the l s:1re under control of the record production of the Various step che ofcourse will he understoiu term stops as used heren those elements whichin pret-t diiierily mounted adjacent the vlfio'.` ot the nir-inurl case:ind :ire i2; ed. hy hand to control the sets elements, which latteralso ere sometimes cel-let stops. In the presei t ep-plier. the termstop effects when othey irizilitied is intended to include tl thoseell'ects which in the 'hum'n organ are produced by the n the stopsiiiithout restriction :is i the stops are actually iiiunipuhil'edcontrol oit the record. lsioreoicr. riii the 'i lusti'uted type ot'ordinary organ ther iulve tor euch set or .register ton ments9 ch valvewhen opened. 'Uhn zur under pressure to :i Wind il* to which ucoi-responding' set tone c f are connected. muy he deiined us stopvalves.

Having thus referred to seine oi" the more important features ot theinventi set *forth the fundamental nature oi" l will new proceed todescribe the i trated embodiment thereof, und ii'hilt shell set 'forththis illustrated cnilioflin ci in minute detail this munite El 1. anyintention et there iy invention to such details1 or to n renee oi"equivalents thereof.

the several igures,

Figure l is o diagrzunmatic View`r with certain ports in section andother parte hroken away, illustrating en emhodimeii'.

applied to the oper"l tion ses m the wind chest or u urtlv in iiihodied.l i -\i :iti-on ot part f1 n ..\,i ump n ci t. iefcoiu oi suiuui e consiuction io op crut; the inechuiiisiii.

For exemplary purposes only, there i t'ntcd ai. Wind chest Si providedwith ci nels a. haring; sets ot pipes (l), Zi constiti-:itinif` neelements emitting tones ot Llb S COMHC (llll l Liicll liJllL channelshaving ports 2li,

they have coinniuiiicz tion ned and closed hy vulves together riti theirmplil'y one it'orin of deemployed to c intr-ol the tone elements. lnthis ;ie of organ, euch channel also ports not shown-one for eechconnected thereto the letter ports opened sind closed hy izilifcs 2l? otwhich mires ull et tiose in a channel ore coni nich other by ai stem 25that eluted simultaneously.

iriiction thus fur forth iioit .ntiolly new and hence is not particuriilziiiued he ein, iii and of itself alone.

regarded as being hroedly illus-V ct' one embodiment iii which thereppropriate devices for controlline` the irc elements5 respectively, undalso e nieuns hy which the correspond- ..5 et the scierul sets arecontrolled.

l, understood that the lutter centi-ol in "ghe ordinary orirun is fromthe organ keys or peduls and in t ie record controlled organ is trom thenote perforutions ii the record. rllhe seid hitter controls nge not atpari oli the aire not lturther rcd te herein: this invention haii/ing`renuiinly to ineens under control of the hy which s. plurelil'y ot suitele setsli'igr devices are opei'ohle under consiiieile truckerris :tcommon duct i r. toi' exemple.

cher hoord Within which duct 2T which is coniii'ioii to the cnui'iihersof und u of thcl wind chest A.. sziid duct beingl connected with the izi22 und hy mechanism, et such i-:iu'e es to coiii'i'ol the operations ofthe vulves to admit pressure to chunihers o'. ai',

lll() branch duct 28: a suction chamber 82, which is separated from thechamber 80 by a membrane 88 and has a bleed connection 84, 34ZL to thebranch duct 28; a chamber 85, having` suction port 86 through which itcommunicates with suction chamber 32 and also having` an atmosphericport 37; a valve preteraoly composed ot two valve-members 88 and 89,mounted on a stem which operatively related to the membrane 83, saidvalve being arranged in chamber 35 and operating to open suction port 36and close atmospheric port- 37, or to open said atmospheric port andclose the suction port; and a. primary circuit closing' pneumatic 41connected w'th chamber 35 by a channel 42. The movable board, 41, otlthe pneumatic 41 carries a contactV element 48, for a purposehereinafter explained.

The branch 29 of duc-t 27 opens into a chamber 44 in the primary controlmember D. This member has a suction. chamber 45, which is separated fromthe chamber 44 by a membrane 46; a chamber 47 having a suction port 48to chamber 45 and also having; atmospheric port 49; valve 50 mounted inthe chamber 47 and having its ster i 51 operatively related to themembrane 46; and a channel l52 which opens into a second channel havingregulating screws 34- and 54 and an atmospheric port 55. A duct 56extends from the channel to a primary circuit closing); pneumatic 57whose movable board 57a is providerL with la contact element 58 for apurpose hereinafter set iiorth.

When the duct 27 is opened air at atmospheric pressure is admittedthrough branch 28 to the chamber 30 in primary cont-rol member C andthrough branch 29 to the chamber 44 in primary control member D. Thepressure thus imposed on the membrane 33 ot primary control member Coperates the valve members 88 and 89 to open suction port 86 and closeatmospheric port 87. This places the interior of pneumatic 41 incommunication with suction chamber 32 through port 86., chamber 85 andchannel 42. Said pneumatic thereby collapsed and its contact element 43is thus brought into bridging* relation with contact wires 59 and 60. Anelectrical circuit which includes a switch magnet 61 is thus closed`this circuit being as follows: 'from a suitable source ot electricalpotential. indicated at 62, by way ot the section 68 of a positive busbar and wire 64 to contact wire 59` through contact element and con yactwire and wire 65 to the positive terminal 66 of the magnet 61; throughsaid magnet to the negative terminal 67 and back to the source 62 by wayof wire 68. The energizing' ot the magnet causes it to attract itsarmature 69 and thus opens an atmospheric duct 70 which leads to achamber 71 in a switching member E, the

arn'iature 69, preferably having; a surface of felt or other suitablematerial as shown to close the mouth of the duct 70 when the magnet iscle-energized.

Then air at atmospheric pressure is thus admitted to chamber 71, itspressure exerted upon a membrane 72 acts, through a valve stem 7 8, tooperate a valve 74 to open a suction port 75 and close an atmosphericport 76, the valve 74 being` mounted in a chamber 77 which is providedwith said ports 7 5 and 76, the port 75 opening into a suction channel78 and the port 76 opening into an atmospheric channel 79. .i duct 80extends l'rom the chamber 77 to a1 pneumatic 81 and hence when thesuction port 75 is opened the pneumatic 81 is collapsed, being now incom-- munication with suction channel 78 through port 75, chamber 77 andduct 80. The movable board of the pneumatic 81 cz-rries a valveactuator' 82 which is pivoted thereto at 82a and is provided withoppositely extending lateral projections 82b having recesses formingseats to receive stop projections 82c for a purpose hereinafterexplained. lVhen the pneumatic 81 is collapsed, the valve actuator isbrought into engagement with either one of two atmospheric valves 88 or84 according; to the position to which it hasl been adjusted withrelation to said valves in the manner hereinafter describes. lts actionupon the valve 88 is to admit air at atmospheric pressure to a chamberl85, which pressure is exerted upon a membrane 86 and thence to a valvestem 87 carrying a valve 88. This valve is mounted in a chamber 89havinga suction port 90, which opens into the suction channel 78, andalso having an atmospheric port 91 which opens into the atmosphericchannel 79. A duct 92 extends from a chamber 98 to the atmosphere andhas its mouth in position to be closed by the valve 84. This duct has abranch 92l extending; to the chamber 89. The chamber 98 has a port 98aextending to secondary circuit closing pneumatic 94 whose movable boardis provided with a Contact element 95, which bridges the space betweentwo contact wires 96 and 97. These wires form parts ot an electricalcircuit which includes a stop magnet 98, this circuit being as tollows:From the positive pole of the source 62, by sections 68, 99 and 100 ofthe positive bus bar, to wire 101 and thence to positive terminal 102 ofmagnet 98; through said magnet to the negative terminal 103 and by wire104 to contact wire 96, and through said contact wire, the contactelement 95 and contact wire 97 to a negative bus bar 105 and back to thesource. It will thus be seen that when t-he valve 88 has been operatedto open suction port and close atmospheric port 91 the air in, pneumatic94 is attenuated, this pneumatic now being' in communication withsuction channel 78 through port 98, cham- CJI ber 93, duct 92, branch92a, chamber 89 and suction port 90. The pneumatic 94 is thus caused tocollapse and close the circuit already traced through electro-magnet Theclosing of this circuit causes the magnet to attract its armature 106,thereby opening an atmospheric duct 107 and admitting` air atatmospheric pressure to a chamber 198. The pressure of this air isexerted against al membrane 199 which operates a valve 110 whose stem111 is in operative relation with said membrane. This valve is mountedin a chamber 112 having a suction port 113 and an atmospheric port 114,and also having a duct 115 which extends to a pneumatic stopvalve motor116 whose movable board 116l isconnected with the stop valve 22 by a117. The suction port 113 opens to a suction chamber 118 which isseparated from the atmospheric chamber 108 by the membrane 109. Hence,when magnet 98 is energized the pneumatic stop-valve motor 116 iscollapsed, the interior of said motor being in communication with thesuction channel 118, through duct 115, chamber 112 and port 113. It,accordingly, will be seen that when )rimary control duct 27 is opened,stop-valve in the organ wind chest is opened, thus adi'nitting pressureto channel a to cause any ofthe pipes, b, connected to said channel tospeak when the corresponding tone valves 24 are opened.

It has already been stated that when primary control duct 27 is openedair at atmospheric pressure is admitted to chamber v44 of primarycontrol member D simultaneously with the admission of air at saidpressure to chamber' 30 of primary control member C and it has beenshown that the admission of the atmospheric air to chamber 30 resultedin the closing of the circuit to switch magnet 61 and this in turnresulted in the opening of the stop valve 22 in the organ wind chest.

lVhen air at atmospheric pressure is admitted to chamber 44, valve isoperated to open suction port 48 and close atmospheric port 49.Thisplaces the interior of the primary circuit closing pneumatic 57under suction and if air is admitted to the chamber 44 for a sufficientlength of time said pneumatic 57 will collapse suiiiciently to carry itscontact member 58 into bridging relation with contact wires 118a and119g* and willthereby close an electrical circuit which includes aswitch magnet 120, this circuit being as follows: From the positive poleof the source 62 by way of sections 63 and 99 of the positive bus bar towire 121; thence to contact wire 118a and by contact element 58 andcontact wire 119n to wire 122; thence to the positive terminal 123 vofthe magnet 120 and through said magnet to the negative terminal 124 andy by wire 125 to the contact 126 on the negative bus bar 105 and thenceback to the negative terminal of the source.

rlhe energizing of this magnet `causes it to attract its armature 127and; thereby opens an atmospheric duct 128 which eX- tends to a chamber129 in the switching member E. The armature 127 preferably has itssurface adjacent the mouth of the duct 128 provided with a covering ofsoft material, as indicated. The pressure of the atmospheric air thusadmitted to the cham'- ber 129 is exerted against a membrane 130 and asthe opposite surface of said membrane is exposed to the minus pressurein -hc suction channel 78 it follows that the membrane will be expandedand will exert pressure on the stem 131 of a valve 132 and will movesaid valve to open a suction port 133 and close an atmospheric port 134,

said valve being arranged in a chamber 135 provided with such ports. Aduct 136 extends from the chamber 135 to a pneumatic 137, so that saidpneumatic is collasped when the suction port 133 is opened. The movableboard of this pneumatic carries a valve actuator 138 one end of which ispivoted thereto at 1381. This valve actuator opens either one of twovalves 139, 140, according to its position when the pneumatic iscollapsed. lt is provided with oppositely extending lateral projections138b having recesses forming seats to receive stop proliections 138c fora purpose hereinafter explaiued. Assuming that it is in position to openvalve 139, it will be seen that its operation will result in theadmission of air at atmospheric pressure to a chamber 141, which airacts upon one surface of a membrane 11-2 whose opposite surface isexposed to th-e minus pressure in the suction channel 78. This membraneis operatively related to one end of the stem 143a of a. valve 143.Hence, when air at atmospheric pressure is admitted to chamber 141 bythe opening of valve 139 the valve 143 will be moved to open a suctionport 144 and close an atmospheric port 145, this valve being arranged ina chamber 146 provided with said ports. This chamber (146) also has aconnection, 147, to a duct, 148, one of whose ends is in position to beclosed by the valve 149 and the other of whose ends opens into thechamber 149. The chamber 149 has a duct 149 through which itcommunicates with a. secondary circuit closing pneumatic 150 whosemovable board is provided with a contact element 151. lt will thus beseen that when atmospheric valve 139 is opened, chamber 149 will beunder suction and pneumatic 150 will collapse. This will cause contactelement 151 to engage contact wires 152 and 153 and will thereby closean electrical circuit which includes a stop-magnet V154, this circuitbeing as follows: from the positive pole of the source 62, by way ofvvided with such ports.

(,173. circuit to the stop magnet is closed, -nio'tor 172 will collapseand open stop valve f23,thns admitting pressure to channel a to sections63, 99 Vand 100 ot the positive bus bar to Wire 155; thence to thepositive terminal 156 of the magnet, and through said magnet to thenegative terminal 157; thence by Wire 158 to contact wire 152 andthrough the contact element 151 to contact wire 153 and thence by wire159 to the terminal 160 on the negative bus bar 105 and back to thesource.

The energizing of stop magnet causes it to attract its armature 161 andthereby open to the atmosphere a duct 162 which extends to a chamber Thepressure ot this air is exerted against a membrane 1611 and causes saidmembrane to expand, the surface of the membrane opposite the chamber16st being exposed to the minus pressure in a suction channel 165. Whenthe meirbrane expands it acts npen a valve stem 166 to move a valve 167to open a suction port 168 andrclose an atmospheric port 165), the valvebeing arranged in a chamber 170 pro- 'lhis chamber 170 also has a dnct171 through which it conimunicates with the interior of a pneumaticstop-valve motor 172 whose movable board is connected with the stopvalve 23 by a stem It will thus be seen that when the canse any 01"' thepipes ZJ connecte/c thereto to speak when the corresponding valves 2%'.lare opened.

Accordingly, it will be noted that the mechanism described includesmeans wherebythe stop valves 22 and 23 may be opened and a control duct(27) common thereto has beenl described. The tendency of course in saidcase is to operate both stop valves simultaneously ancL in order toovercome this tendency I have made provision for the closing ot thecircuit to the switch magnet 120 in a delayed or retarded relation tothe closing of the circuit to the switch magnet 61. This is exempliliedin the Iillustrated embodiment of the invention by making the primar;7switch closing pneumatic of the primary control member D of a largersize than the primary switch closing pneumatic (41) ot the member C, itbeing apparent thatwhen two pneumatics of different sizes are subjectedto forces of similar strength the larger one will require more time tocollapse it than will the smaller one, its movable board will have totraverse a greater distance. To further regulate the .period of time theregulating screws 5-l and Saltare provided, one of said screwscontrolling communication between the channel 53 and the chamber t7 andthe other between said channe"L and the atmosphere, the arrangement oifthe screws being thus such that they conjointly provide tor anadjustableregulation ot the tension oi the air in the channel 53 and consequentlyin the pneumatic 57 to a degree ot great nicety.

lt is maniiest that the mechanism thus tar illustrated and described isotl nature such that stop valve 22 may be opened without opening thestop valve 23, merely by closing the primary control duct 27 beforeprimary control pneumatic 57 has collapsed suiliciently to close thecircuit to the switch magnet 120, and that when it is desired to openboth valves it is necessary only to keep the control duct 27 open untilpneumatic 57 has been fully collapsed.

1t is manifest that each ot said valves 22 and 23 would closeimmediately upon the cessation ot the impulse which initiated itsopening movement, unless provision is made for maintaining it in openposition throughout the entire period the corresponding set ol toneelements are to be affected thereby. In order to meet this condition, Ihave so organized the mechanism that each valve 22, 23 is opened andclosed by successive impulses of the characteristics to which itsoperative means are responsive, and, hence, remains open during theinterim between such impulses.

Certain ot the elements ot the connections to the respective stop valves22, 23 by which this important result is secured, have already been setforth, to wit, the pneumatics 81 and 137, valve actuators 82 and 138 andthe pairs ot valves 83, S1 and 139, 1110, and the elements which in theillustrated embodiment are co-ordinated therewith to open and close eachot' theV valves 22, 23 by successive impulses ot the characteristics towhich its operating means are functionally responsive will now be setTcOrth.

The stem 87 of the valve 88, which valve is included in the connectionto stop valve 22, is in operative relation with a membrane 175 which isarranged between the chamber and the atmospheric channel 79 and saidchamber 93 is connected by a port 178 with a pneumatic 176 whose movableboard is connected with the valve actuator 82 by a link 177.

Similarly, the stem 143 of the valve 143 in the connection to the stopvalve 23 is in operative relation with a membrane 142n which is arrangedbetween the chamber 149 and an atmospheric channel 79"l and said chamber149 is connected by a port 11S.)b with a pneumatic 180 whose movableboard is connected to the valve actuator 138 by a link 181.

It will be noted that the pneumatics 176 and 180 with their links 177and 181 constitute means for oscillating the respective arms 82 and 158,the co-ordination ot' the parts being such that as soon as stop valve22, or stop valve 23, has been opened,

Cil

and the opening 26 closed, the pneumatics 81 and 17 6, or the pneumatics137 and 180, corresponding to the opened valve 22 or 23, becomeeffective to move the corresponding arm 82 or 13S longitudinally and toshift the same laterally, the longitudinal movement of the arm at thistime being in a direction such that the pressure exerted by the arm onvalve 83 or 139, according` to which arm is moved, is discontinued andthe co-acting locking projections 82h, 82C or 138D, 138C, at the lefthand side of the arm are free from each other, so that the pneumatic176, or 180, which is still connected to the exhaust channel 78 byreason of the pressui'e maintained on the membrane 17 or 142, becomeseffective to shift the arm toward the right and into line with the valveS4 or valve 140.

This longitudinal movement of arm S2,

Vor arm 13S, is manifestly the result of the closing of the duct 27. Itshould be noted, however', that valve 88, or 143, is not closed as aconsequence of the closure of valve 83, or 139, being maintained in itsopen position by the preponderating pressure exerted on the membrane175, or 1421. In other words, the closing of valve S3, or 139, in so faras its action on valve 88, or 143, is concerned, being merely to cut olfcommunication of corresponding chamber 85, or 141, with the atmosphereso that the pneumatic tensions on opposite sides of membrane S6, or 142,gradually counterbalance each other, the tension of the air in thecorresponding chamber 923, or 149, remaining unchanged until valve 84,or 140 has been opened. The opening of valve 84, or 140, occurs when theduct 27 is again opened, the arm 82, or 188 having meanwhile, as alreadystated been shifted laterally into line with said valve S3, or 140, itbeing, of course, understood that when the duct 27 is opened this(second) time, magnet 6l', or 120, according 'to the duration of theimpulse admitted to said duct, will be energized, valve 74, or 132, willagain be raised, pneumatic 81 or 137 will again be collapsed, and arm82, or 138, will be moved to open valve 84, or 140, thereby admittingair at atmospheric pressure to chamber S9, or 146, and permitting valve98, or 143, to fall. The air at atmospheric pressure thus admitted tochamber 93, or 149, permits pneumatic 94 or 150 to expand and break thecircuit to magnet 9S, or 154, and also tends to expand pneumatics 17 7,or 180. VVhe-n the impulse which initiated this operation ceases, valve74, or 132, will fall, pneumatic 81, or 137, will again be expanded,thereby removing the pressure imposed by the arm S1, or 13S, upon valve84, or 140, (allowing the latter valve to be closed by its spring) andfreeing the right hand projection 81h, or 18Sb of said arm, from itsengagement with the corresponding stopl projection 81C, or 1383, therebyallow4 ing pneumatic 176, or 180, (which has been restrained by theengagement of said locking projections Slb and 81", or 138b and 198Cwith each other, from acting until said locking projections have beendisengaged) to act to shift the arm, 81 or 1238 laterally into line withvalve 83, or 139.

Accordingly, it follows that switch pneumatic 94 remains collapsedduring 'the interim between two successive impulses of a nature to whichthe switch pneumatic 41 is functionally responsive and that switchpneumatic 150 similarly remains collapsed during` the interim', betweentwo successive impulses of a nature to which the switch pneumatic 57 isfunctionally responsive: and it will be manifest that during suchintervals, respectively, the circuits 'to the magnets 98 and 154, willbe closed and corresponding pneumatics 116 and 172 will remaincollapsed.

A statement of the various phases of operation is as follows:

ln Fig. 1 all the parts are shown in the positions they occupy when bothstop valves 22 and 23 are closed, as at the beginning of the operation,for example.

If now an impulse of air be admitted to duct 27, the following`operations will take place, if said impulse be a short one, namelyprimary circuit closing` pneumatic 41 will collapse and close thecircuit to switch magnet 61 and this in tarn will cause valve 74 toopen, thereby causing pneumatic Slte collapse and move valve actuator 82to open valve 83, thereby causing valve S8 to open suction port 90 andclose atmospheric port 91, whereupon the air in chamber 9&3 is rareiied.rlhis causes the secondary circuit closing pneumatic 94 to collapse,thus closing the circuit to stop magnet 98 and causing the stoppneumatic 116 to collapse. and open stop valve 22.

The rareiication of the air in the chamber 93 also tends to collapsepneumatic 176 but this tendency is resisted by the engagement of theprojection 821 at the left hand side of the valve actuator with thecorresponding projection 82"', it being noted that an effectiveengagement of these projections has been completed at the time vthevalve 83 is opened.

All the foregoing operations should be quickly accomplished and themeans illustrated are of such nature that they take place substantiallyinstantaneously.

As soon as valve 22 has been opened, duct 27 may be closed, (and will beclosed if the impulse be a short one, of insu'llicient duration tocollapse pneumatic 57,) whereupon the primary circuit closing` pneumatic41 is expanded by its spring, magnet 61 is deenergized, valve 74 closessuction port 75 and opens atmospheric port 76, pneumatic llS Cil

S1 is expanded by its spring and withdraws the valve actuator out oflocking engagement With projection S2" and out of pressure-imposiig`engagement with `valve 83 and the latt r valve closes. However, ralre 88is open ant` er is closed at this t' ne, being held in this position bypressure on membrane 175 and accordingly the air in chamber 93 willstill be rarened so that secondary pneumatic 0^ remains collapsed lVhenis quality oli tone efl'r'ected when channel (a is open, duct 27 isagain opened. This rcsults in the closing of the circuit. to switchmagnet Gl. which in turn results in the opening ot' valvv 7l and thecollapsing or' pneumatic 81.

open `faire Selrlhis causes the actuator 82 to and engages theright handprojection 82D with the corresponding stop projection 82. yThe openinget valve Sil admits air at atmospheric pressure Ato chamber anoaccordingly brings about a balancing ot the pressures on opposite sidesot the membi -e 175 and releases the ralve 85 which new closes thesuction duct JO and opens the atmospheric duct 91. The secondary switchpneumatic 94 is expanded by its spring, thus breaking the circuit tostop magnet 98 and this, in turn, results in the closing of duet 107,the closing of suction port 113 and opening of atmospheric port lle andthe expansion of pneumatic 11G by its spring and the closing ot thevalve Duct 27 is again closed, whereupon the circuit to magnet G1 isagain broken, duct 70 is closed, valve is again moved to coen chamber 77 to atmospheric port 78 and c ose suction port 75, and pneiunatic 8lexpanded, thus moving the valve actuator 82 until its pressure upon thevalve 84 is released and said valve is permitted to be closed by .itsspring'. During this movement ol the actuator, it is released from theright hand stop projection S2 whereupon the pneumatic 17 G becomeselllective to shift the actuator into line with the valve 83, thisshifting movement of the actuator being completed by the time the Valve8e2 is closed.

It will be apparent that if the duct after being opened, is closedbetere the iur pulse admitted therethrough has been of sulllcientduration to collapse the slow acting pneumatic 57 the stop Valve 22 willbe opened but stop valve 23 will not be opened. Accordingly, it will beseen that by closing the duct 27 as soon as Valve 22 is opened any ofthe tone elements L may be caused to peak until said duct 27 is againopened, and that during this time the corresponding tone elements if'will remain silent.

lt, yon the other hand, it is desired to open the 'Valve 23 and topermit the tone elements b to speak alone, i. e. without thecorrespondin g tone elements Z), it is only necessary to open the duct27, close it quicl-zly, and again open it and allow it to remain openuntil switch pneumatic 57 his 'fully collapsed, it being renien'iberedthat Valve 21 is opened and closed by successive impulses and that thetones ali'ccted by the opening ciV said Valves are those which aresounded in the interval between such successive impulses. The secondopening ot the duct 27 thus acting to close the ralve 22 will, beingcontinued, also cause Valve 23 to be opened, as follows:-M

l will collapse pneumatic 57 and this in turn will cause the circuit tomagnet 120 to be con'ipleted, thus -opeuii'ig atmospheric duct 12S andcausing valve 132 to move and open suction port 135:3 and closeatmospheric port 13st, thereby collapsing pneumatic 137 and causii'.g itto more valve actuator 138 to ogen "valve 1239;, thus causing Valve 143to more and open suction port 1&1 and close atn'iospheric port lilo;thus, in turn, placing chamber 151%) uml-er suction and causing thesecondary switch pnuematic 150 to collapse, thereby closing the circuitto stop magnet loll, which being thus energized causes ai at atmosphericpressure to be admitted to chamber 163 thus moving valve 167 and causingit to open suc-tion port 168 and close atmospheric port 169, whereuponthe pneumatic 172 is collapsec and acts to open valve 22?. lllhen thishas been accomplished, duct may be closed, the valve 28 remaining openuntil said duct is again opened, it being noted that the chamber 1&9will remain under suction owing to the pressure exerted on membranel2,and accordingly that the circuit to magnet 'l5-l will remain closeduntil valve 140 has been opened. During this closed period of the duct27, i. e. before the duct is again opened, valve 23 is held in openposition and channel L is under pressure adequate to cause any of thetone elements b to speak when the correspending` Valves are opened.

The following operation takes place as soon duct 27 has been closed,namely:

Pneumatic 57 is expanded by its spring, breaking the circuit to magnet120 which being thus deenergized permits its armature to again closeduct 12S. Valve 132 now moves to close suction port 133 and openatmospheric port 151'1'-, this operation being expedited by theprovision of a bleed hole admitted to` the pneumatic 137, and thespringv ofY Said pneumatic causes the pneuto expand, thus releasingvalve 139 from the pressure exerted thereon by the valve actuator 138`and permitting said valve to close.

During' this movement of the actuator 13S it itl shifted pivotallytoward the rightv hand by the collapsing ot the pneun'iatic'lSt); thetendency ot' this pneumatic to collapse as ==oon asifalve 1l?)v is movedto open*i communica on of chamber l'lf'withf suction channel ic' il whenvalve 1S9^was opened, havld by the engagement ot the lett been desisthand projection 1,355 from the valve actuator with stop projection 138".lVhen the valve actuator 13SV has been shi'tted. toward the right handit in position to open valve 1e() uponv its` next movement. This, occurswhen.pneumatic 57, is again collapsed7 thereby energizing' magnet 120,causing)r Valve to yopen suction' port 133 and close atmosl'iheric port185i-, thus. again placing` pneumatic 13'? under suction and; causinglit to collapse and move the valve actuator; The valve actuator being" atthis time in line with valve lll), opens thel latter,V thus admittingair at. atmospheric pressure to chamber 1li) through the duct ifi-8'. Upuntil this moment valve, l-l-Z was held by pressure on the ineinbranolll-f2 in the position to which itl had beenmoved in [he previousoperatiom namely7 that position in which the suction port was opened'and atmospheric port H5 lez-:ed5 at which time chamber 11i-Dis undersuction, so that the pressure in chamber TS is the predominatine' torceand by its exertion upon membrane 14.2 holds the valve inthe position.stated.

eeordingly, it follows that when. chaml-i) is opened to the atmosphereby the ning of valxe 1li), Vala-*e 14C?) isti' leased as there is non' aeountcrbalancing ol pneumatic pressures on. opposite sides ot membrane112 and similarly a countorbalancing of suctional 'forces on oppositesides of membrane 1-12. Talve 1113 immediately closes the "tion port Htand opens atmospheric port matic 150 being now in. commiinicaftion` withthe. atmosphere is expanded by its spring, thus. breaking the circuit tomagnet 151 which being` thus cle-energized' closes duet 162 therebycutting otlv connnnni Jion of chamber with the atmosphere and permittingValve 16T to move and close suction is to be closed Without ati thesameztime introducing pressur-ointo channel a;k torrender the tone elementslVoperative, the duct 27 must be opened momentarily,` immediately inadvance ot' that openinggot the ductwhich to collapse, the pneumatic57;, this preliminary momentary opening` o1" the djucttacting to set theparts which control"-y the Valve 22 in such position that when the duct27 isk set into action the means which open Valve 22 when said valve isclosed as well. as to close valve Q3 when the latter; is open. Moreover,it both valves are closed; a single longl impulse admitted to duet; 2TWilll open both.

In short; in the operation of; the .mechanism; herein exen'iplilied:r1)4 asingle short impulse admitted to duct 27 whenl both 'valves Q2- and253 are closed: followed after an interval by another short impulse,will open valve Q2 without openingvala'e 23 and; will keep said valve 22open throughout the period between the two impulses, therebyintrcdimingY into channel: a pressure adequate to operate any of thetoneelements b withoutl introducing pressure into channel af; (2)y a.short impulse introducedk into the duet 2T when valves and ,lare closedinnnediately Afollowed by :i long` impulse willv open the channel at topressure adequate to operate any of the tone elements 7) without at thesame time orueninfc;- channel (a to; pressure for a su'tlicieiit lengthot time to operate any of the tone elements Z); (3,). u sinele long)-impulse introduced: into duct 2i', when both valves are closed, willopen. 1noth of said valves7 and thereby admit to both channels o and apressure adequate to operate any of the tone elements l) and b when thecorresponding valves 2l are opened; a single short impulse Iintroducedinto duct 2i' when valve Q2 is open and. Valve 28 closed will close saidvalve /LQ without opening valve 23; ay single short impulse introducedinto duct 27 When valve 22 is closed and` val ve 23 is opened if quicklyfollowed by a long impulse Will close valve 23. and while in thisoperation valve 22 will be opened for an instant it will.l be againclosed before any oitl the tone elements 'o are operated, the-etieetthusbeing` to exclude tone elements D Without rendering` the tone elementsZ) operative; ((3) a single long impulse introduced into duct 2T whenvalve 2f) is closed and. valve 23 is opened will result in the openingof valve 22 and the closing'of valve 23.

In Fig. 3 I have illustrated a preferred means for opening and closingthe duct 27. It will be apparent that this means contemplates openings ato m7, inclusive, in the perforated note sheet X which constitutes therecord for opening the valves 24, as well. I have not considered it tobe necessary to illustrate the perforations for opening the valves 24 byintroducing air impulses to the tracker ducts b2 as this part of themechanismis well known. In this ligure I have exemplified an arrangementof perforations such that (assuming that both valves 22 and 23 areclosed at the begin ning of the operation and that the record is fed inthe direction of the arrow) perforation x will admit a short impulse ofair to duct 27 and this will open valve 22 without opening valve `23,the result being that if any of the valves 24 be now opened, thecorresponding tone-elements b will speak (while the corresponding toneelements Zi will remain silent) until perforations ce has been broughtinto registration with duct 27, at which moment another quick impulse ofair is admitted to duct 27 whereupon valve 22 is immediately closed:none of the tone elements b or ZJ non7 speak until perforati'on isbrought into registration with duct 27, whereupon a quick impulse of airis admitted to duct 27, but this quick impulse is immediately succeededby a long impulse brought about by the movement of the long perforationm3 in registration 4with the duct 27: this results first in the closingof valve 22, which was opened by the short impulse, and then in theopening of valve 23: the valves remain in these positions, respectively,until perforation :124 has been brought into registration with duct 27:this admits a short impulse to duct 27 sufficient to open valve 22 butbeing immediately suceeeeded by the registration of long perforation aiwith said duct admitting a long impulse to the latter, valve 22 isclosed before any of the tone elements Z) have had an opportunity tospeak, the first portion of the impulse closing valve 22 and saidimpulse continuing for aV suiiicient length of time to close valve 23,`the result being that during the interim between thetime whenperforation agjpassesgout of registration with duct 27 `vandperforation'ef" also passes out of regisopened and valve 23 will then beopened, with the result that tone elements b and b corresponding toanyvalve 24 which is now opened, will speak. Another long perforation,as a, will close both of said valves 22 and 23. Of course, it will beunderstood. that this is merely exemplary and that in practice theperforations will be variously arranged, i. e, arranged in theparticular order or sequence as to spacing and, lengths, required by themusical composition being rendered.

It will also be understood that while I prefer to utilize air impulsesas the means for initiating the operation of opening and closing thevalves 22 and 23 yet I am aware that there are other impulses than thoseof a pneumatic vnature which may be utilized and accordingly myinvention in its broadest aspects is not restricted to an embodimentdesigned to utilize pneumatic impulses, and on the contrary contemplatesthe utilization of impulses of any suitable nature, with suchmodifications or changes as are applicable thereto. Moreover, the termimpulses is used in a generic sense and the terms long7 and short are tobe regarded as being relative or comparative terms and not as definingany special lengths as this obviously will depend upon the sensitivenessof the mechanism. Again, while I prefer to employ a perforated recordthe means for controlling the impulses, I am aware that records of othernature may be employed. Furthermore, I want it understood that while Ihave illustrated and described an embodiment of the invention preferredwhen it is to be utilized as a means for controlling the operations of aplurality of sets of organ pipes for example, yet I fully recognize thefact that the invention may be employed in musical instruments of otherkinds than organs or the like, and particularly that it may be employedin any musical instrument l'iaving tone elements of whatever naturewhich are divisible into groups or sets, which groups or sets are to becontrolled as groups or sets, as contiadistinguished from the control ofindividual tone elements within groups or sets.

In short, while I have illustrated one embodiment and application of theinvention I would have it understood that this is merely exemplary andthat the invention may be otherwise and variously embodied and otherwiseand variously applied in and with relation to musical instrumentsgener,- ally for controlling musical' effects, tonal or otherwise,without departing from its spirit and the scope of appended claims.

Having thus described the invention what is believed to he new and isdesired to be secured by Letters Patent, is:

l. In a record controlled musical instrument, a plurality of sets oftone elements,

a plurality ot control means therefor, and mechanism to operate thecontrol means, including means providing` aA common path for recordcontrolled impulses ot dillerent chL racteristics, and members which arelunctionally responsive to said impulses, respectively, and arecontrolled thereby to operate said control means severally, to renderoperative either oli the sets ot tone elements alone under control ol ar cord.

2; In a record controlled musical instrument, a plurality ot sets ettone elements, a pli rality of cor-itroll means therefor, and meansindependent of any manually operable means to operate the control means't render operative either ot the sets olf tone elements alone or bothtogether, wholly under control ot a record, said operating meansincluding;,members which are junctionally responsive to recordcontrolled iin-- pulses of different characteristics, 'espect-ively, andmeans providing` a. connnon path for said impulses.

3. In a record controlled musical instrument, a plurality o't sets oftone elements, a plurality ot control meal .fa therefor, and mechanismindependent ot any manually operable means to operate the control meansto render operative either ot the iets ot tone elements alone undercontrol ot a record, said mechanism including means providinp a commonpath tor record coi'itrolled impulses ot dillerent characteristirs,control members having connection ivith said means, and operativeconnections between said members and the iirst mentioned control means,including' members which are functionally responsive to impulses o lldil'- lerent cha tacteristics, respectively.

t, ln a record controlled muc'il instrument, a plurality ot sets ot toneelements, a plurality ot control means therefor, and means to operatethe control means to render operative either olf the sets ot toneelomcnts alone, or both together, under control of a record, saidoperatingmeans including control members and elements which arecontrolled th u'eby and are Afunctionally responsive torecord-controlled impulses ot' diilerent characteristics, respectively,and means providing, a common path ter said impulses, having branchestor leading the in'ipulses to the respective control members.

lnV an automatic musical instrument, mechanism for controlling theoperations of a plurality of sets et tone elements, including meansproviding `a common path tor record controlled impulses ot ditlerentciaracteristics, meansV functionally 'esponsive to the imprlses otdifferent cha 'acteristics, respectively, and connections controlled bythe latter means to render either set ot. tone elements operative aloneor both sets operative together.

G. In an automatic musical instrument,

mechanism a plurality mg means for controlling` the operations ol' otsets ot tone elements, includproviding; a common path or ll Jsrcuitmaking' and breaking' means and the automatic jsm for cont-rolling theoperations o i sets oi' tone elcmc ans providing a common path mtrolledpneumatic iuipuli'es olx characteristics, respectively, a u it',y opneunuitics l'uiu'tionally rensive to the ii ipuls-Ls ot dill'erentchar- `eristics, respectively, and control connecl'etiveen the pneumaticand the sets of rents, respectively. an automatic musi all instrument,-i sm tor controlling the operations of t s ot tone e ements, iucliul-'ling a common path for pneumatic impulses oit respectively, relativelyand sionY acting' pncumatics conllcd by the impulses ot ililliercntlengths, respe t"\,'el v, and control connections betu'ce'i kicpncuuiatics and the sels ot lone ively.

' 'olliugg the operations ot oi" tone cien/rents, includdinp' a commonpath l'or controlled pneumatic impulses ot iierent lengths,respectively, pneumatially operable circuit making and breaking i f tuin'inaliv responsive to the impulses of lli f lemgths respectively, andconnections` including; electrical circuits bei -ans pro tive-,en saidcircuit making and ln'ealiingr mea; and tue seis ot tone aliments, re-

spectively.

l0. ln au automatic i instrument. a pluralitiv otsets ot elements, meanspro fiding a common path lor 'coord-controlled impulses of dii'lerentchaiacteristics, separate power means functionally responsive to theimpulses oi di'i'i'erent charactc" respectively, circuit matingv and.'.b' means controlled by the power rcspei'tivelv, and operatilfigconnectXve-en the circuit Ai a-lint;v and breakim; means and the sets ottone elements; includiig electrical circuits, respectively, controlled bv the circuit and brezil-:ingr means.

ll. .ln automatic musical instrument. a plurality ot sets et toneelements` common )at-i1 for record controlled pneumatic impulses ofdillerent provicing a lil lengths, separate power' means functionallyresponsive to the impulses of different lengths, respectively, andconnections between the latter means and the sets controllingdevices,respectively.

12. In an autoniatie musical instrument, a plurality of sets of toneelements, a plurality of devic for controlling the operations of the sof tone elements, respectively, means providing a common path for recordcontrolled impulses of ditferent chariufteristics, .separate power meansfunetionally responsive to the impulses of different characteristics,respectively circuit making and breal-iing means, and connectionsbetween the circuit makingand breaking means and the sets controllingdevices, said connections including electrical circuits respectivelycontrolled by the circuit makingl and breaking means.

13. In an automatic musical instrument, a plurality of sets of toneelements, a plurality of devices for controlling the operations of thesets of tone elements, respectively, means providing a common path forrecord controlled pneumatic inpulses of different characteristics, aplurality of pneumatically operable power means functionally responsive,respectively to the impulses of different characteristics, andconnections between the latter means and the sets controlling devices,circuit making and breaking means and connections including electricalcircuits respectively controlled by the circuit making and breakingmeans.

lil. In an automatic musical instrument, a plurality of sets of toneelements, a plurality of devices for controlling the operations of thesets of tone elements, respectively, means providing a common path forrecord controlled impulses of different char-v acteristics, pneumaticsfunctionally responsive to the impulses of different characteristics,respectively, and connections between the pneumatics and the setscontrolling devices, said connections includingl electrical circuitsrespectively controlled by the pneumatics.

15. In an automatic musical instrument, a plurality of sets of toneelements, a plurality of devices for controlling the operations of thesets of tone elements, respectively, .means providing a common path forrecordcontrolled pneumatic impulses of different characteristics, aplurality of pneumatically -operable circuit making and breaking meansfunctionally responsive to the impulses of different characteristics,respectively, and having separate operative connections for saidimpulses and connections between the latter means and the setscontrolling devices, including electrical circuits respectivelycontrolled by the circuit making and breaking means.

16. In an automatic musical instrument, a plurality of sets of toneelements, and cont-rel mechanism therefor, including means providing acommon path for iecord controlled impulses of different characteristicsand connections between said means and the respective sets of toneelements, said connections being independent of any manually operablemeans and having elements which are respectively responsive functionallyto the impulses of different characteristics and are operated undercontrol of succ 'ive impulses to render the correspoinling set of toneelements operative and non-operative, whereby their operative conditionis maintained during the interim between the successive impulses of thecharacteristics to which said elements are respectively responsive. v

17. In an automatic musical instrument, a plurality of sets of toneelements, means providing a common path for record con` trolled impulsesof different characteristics, control means functionally responsivetothe impulses of different characteristics respectively and connectionsbetween the latter means and the sets of tone elements, respectively,including elements to render the tone elements operative andnon-operative under control of successive impulses of a nature to whichthe respective control means are functionally responsive.

18, In an automatic musical instrument, a plurality of sets of toneelements, means providing a common path for record controlled pneumaticimpulses of difl'erent characteristics, control means functionallyresponsive to the impulses of different characteristics respectively andconnections between the latter means and the sets of tone elements,respectively, including elements to render the tone elements ope 'ativeand nonoperative under control of successive impulses of a nature'towhich lthe respective control means are functionally respoi'isivc.

19. In an automatic musical instrument,

a plurality of sets of tone elements, means providing a common path forrecord controlled impulses of long and short duration, control meansfunctionally responsive to the impulses of long and short duration,respectively, and connections between the control means andthe sets oft-one elements, respectively, including elements to render the toneelements operative -and non-operative under control of successiveimpulses of a nature to which the respective control means arefunctionally responsive.

, Q0, In an automatic musical instrument, a plurality of sets of toneelements, means providing a common path for record controlled pneumaticimpulses of long and short duration, control means functionallyresponsive to the impulses of long and short duraviinpulses ot differentcharacter tively, sets controlling devices and connec-l tion,respectively and `connections between the control Aineens and the setsot tone elcineiits, respectively, including` elenients to render thetone elenients voperative and nonopei'stive under control o'l successiveinipulses ot e nature to which the respective control Vineens arefunctionally responsive.

2l. ln nn nutoniatic -niusicel instrument, n plurality oit sets of toneeleinents, ineens providing e connnon pntli tor record controlledimpulses oi long end short duration,

circuit making and breaking pneunuitics functionally responsive to theiinpulses ot long :incl short duration, respectively, end ineenscontrolled by sind pneuinzitics and controlling` the sets oi toneelenients, re-

spectively, including eleinents by which the respective sets oit toneelements are rendered opei'ntive und non-operative by successiveoperations of the pneuinntics.

ln nn automatic niusicnl instrument, s plurality -o't sets ot toneelements, ineens providing a coininon path 'tor record controlledimpulses of dii'iicrent clini'nctcristics, control inezins tunctionnllyi'isponsive 'to the impulses of dill'erent clnirzufleristics,

-trolled impulses ot vdil'lierent cliei'nctci'iptics,

control means 'functionally responsive to the impulses ot differentcharacteristics, respectively` sets controlling',v devices, andconnections between the letter nic-zins :ind 'the :Lts

controlling' devices, each connection including ineens to operate itsset controlling device to ineke the corresiionding set o'lf toneeleinents operative end non-operati've, respectively, by successiveoperations oi seid control ineens, comprising' ain oscillating' ineniberand ineens controlling the oscillntinc; ineinbei' at the end ot theopening operation to place it in .position for the closing' operationand et the end oit the closing,` operation to plnce it in position n,torthe opening operation.

24. In :in autoinntic inusicel inst rumeni, :i plurality of ot toneelements, ineens providing n conunon pntli 'lor recori'l controlledin'ipulses of dill'ei'ent. cl.zirncteristics, con-trol ineensfunctionally responsive lo the tics respections between the letterineens and the sets controllingv devices, each connection includingineensY to operate its set controlling' device to ineke thecorresponding ,set oli tone elements operative and iion-ope'ntive, i'espctively, by successive operations ott said control ineens, comprising enoscillating ineinbci' and yielding ineens controlling' the oscillaitingineinber et the end of the opening operation to place it in position forthe closing,Y operation :ind et the end o tl the closing' operation toplace it in position for the opening operation.

25. ln en nutoinatic inusicel instrument, n plurality ot sets ottoneelenients, ineens pi'ovidinc' n coniinon pntli 'toi' record controllediinpulscs of ditlerent characteristics, control ineens 'functionallyresponsive to the inipulses of di llerent characteristics respectively,sets controlling;Y devices nud connections bciivccn the letter. ineens:ind the sets conlrolliA devices, ench connection including ineens tooperete its set controlling; device to ineke the corresponding set oftone eleinents operative nud non-operative, respectively, by successiveoperation ot seid control inenins, comprising' n pneunniticnlly inovedoscillating ineinlier and ineens controlling tbe oscillatingr nieniberzit the end ot the opening; operation to place it inposition 'tor theclosing operntion end nt tliecnd of the closing operation to place it inposition for tlieopening operation.

2G. ln :in nutonintic -inusicnl instrument, :i plurality oiC sets ottone eleinents, ineens providing; n coininon path for i'ecoi'dcontrolled iiiipulses of diilferent characteristics, control ineensfunctionally responsive to the iinpulses of different characteristics,respectively,y sets controlling devices end connections betiveen theletter ineens end the sets controlling devices, euch connectionincluding inenns to opernte, its set controlling' dcvice to ineke the'corresponding' set :of tone elements operative :ind non-oilierzitive,respectively, by successive'operations of seid control ineens,coingrising n circuit unil-:ing` and breaking' ineens, :i pneuinnticnllynioved oscillating' incniber :ind ineens controlling` the oscillating'ineniber nt the end ot the opening operation to place it in positionflor the cl sing operation and nt the end oi the closing' operation `toplace it in position 'for the opening operation.

El. ln :i .nutoinetic inusiczil instrument, :i plurality ot sets of toneeleineiits, nien-ns providing' :i coniinon pnth for record controlledimpulses o'l .dilterent clizirncteristics, control ineens tui .ionzillyrespov veto the iiiipulses of dillei'ent characteristics, respectively,sets controlling` devices, :ind connec- 'l ions between the letterineens :ind Ythe sets controlling?,` devices,y ezicli connectionincludingr ineens to operate its set controlling device to ineke thecorresponding set of lone elenic ,ts operative and non-operative,respectivelyv` by successive operations of seid cont-rol ine'l i,comprisingy n` ineinber inounted tor lon gtudi nnl nud. oscillatoryinovement, a pneumatic for moving the member, and yielding meanscontrolling the same at the end of the opening operation to place it inposition for the closing operation and at the end of the closingoperation to place it in position for the opening operation.

28. In an automatic musical instrument, mechanism for controlling theoperations ot a plurality of sets of tone elements, including meansproviding a common path 'for record controlled pneumatic impulses ofdil- 'erent characteristics, pneumatically operable means functionallyresponsive to the impulses of different characteristics, respectively,and control connections between the latter means and the sets of toneelements, respectively, each connection having means by which it isrendered operative and nonoperative respectively with relation to thecorresponding set of tone elements by successive operations of thecorresponding pneumatically operable means.

Q9. In an automatic musical instrument,

a plurality of sets of tone elements, means providing a commen path forrecord controlled impulses of different characteristics, and mechanismto put either or both of the sets of tone elements into and out ofaction severally, including control members iunctionally responsive torecord controlled im lpulses of different characteristics, respectively,and connections between said control members and the corresponding setsof tone elements, each connection having means by which thecorresponding set of tone elements is .rendered operative andnon-operative by successive impulses of a clnnacteristic lo which thecorresponding control member is functionally responsive.

3l). In an automatic musical. instrumcm, a set di: tone elements, meansproviding a pa li for record controlled impulses, and connections to theset of tone elements, controlled by the impulses, said connectionsincliuling` a valve, means for alternately opening and closing` the sameby successive impulses transmitted over the same path and incl ud ing acontrol valve for etl'ecting the opening movement and a second controlvalve for effecting the closing movement.

3l. In an automatic musical instrument, a set of tone elements, meansproviding a path for record controlled impulses, and connections to theset of tone elements, controlled by the impulses, said connectionincluding a valve, means tor alternately opening and closing the same bysuccessive in'ipulses and including a valve for eifecting the openingmovement, a second control valve for effecting the closing movement anda single member for alternately engaging the control valves.

32. In an automatic musical instrument, a set of tone elements, meansproviding a path for record controlled impulses, land connections to theset of tone elements, controlled by the impulses, said connectionsincluding a valve, means for alternately opening and closing the same bysuccessive impulses and including a valve for elfecting the openingmovement, a second control valve for etl'ccting the closing movement, asingle member for alternately engaging the control valves and pneumaticmeans for moving said sii'igle member.

33. In an automatic musical instrunient, a set of tone elements, meansproviding a path for record controlled impulses, and connections to theset of tone elements, controlled by the impulses, said connectionsincluding a valve, means for alternately opening and closing the same bysuccessive impulses and including a valve for effecting the openingmovement, a second control valve for ellccting the closing movement, asingle men'iber for alternately engaging the control valves, pneumaticmeans for moving said single member and a valve controlling the movementof the single member for opening the control valves.

34. In an automatic musical instrument, a set of tone elements, meansproviding a path for record controlled impulses, and connections to theset of tone elements, controlled by the impulses, said connectionsincluding a valve, means for alternately opening and closing the same bysuccessive impulses and including a valve for e'll'ecting the openingmovement, a second control *alve for eil'ecting the closing movement, asingle member for alternately engaging the control valves, pneumaticmeans lor moving said single member, a valve controlling llre movementot the single member for opening the control valves, and electromagncticmeans for controlling the last mentioned valve.

35. In an automatic musical instrluncnl-, a set ol lione elements, meansproviding a. 'palb :lor record. controlled impulses, and connections tothe set ot tone elements, controllml by the impulses, saidl connectionsincli'uling a valve, means for alternately openingand closing the sameVby successive im pulses and including a control valve for ellecting theopening movement, a second control 'valve for effecting the closingmovement and a pneumatically operated contact making device operated byt-he lirst mentioned valve and released by the second n cnl'ioncdcontrol. valve.

3G. In an automatic musical instrument, a set of tone elen'ients, meansproviding :i path for record controlled in'ipulses, and connections tothe set of tone elements, controlled by the impulses, said connectionsincluding a valve, means for altermitely opening and closing the same bysuccessive impulses and a contact closing niieans con trol led by thevalve, Y

lll)

Q U lset 7. In einen-tematiciinusionl instrument, ii oit tone elements,ineens providing zi wpiitli vlor 'record controlled impulses, incl iopeiiing impulses, seid last named meri-ns comprislseine laterally,control connections vto `tlie set of tone elements, controlled by theimpulses, said connections incliitnit;` ziy vulve, ineens .foralternately and closing,` tlie sii-nie by successive ing,` iilongitudinally find laterally movable member, pneuinziticelly controlledineiins lor Vmovin@ tlie seine longitudinally and pneu- 'opening :indclosings,r tlie suine by successive impulses, tlie seid opening sindclosing vrn'ieiins comprising ii single longitudinally V:indt'iinsvei'sely movable iiiciiioer,

und. pneumatic ineclninisni to alternately iiiove tlio nieiiiberlongitudinzillji and lut/oreilly :is

tlio successive impulses occur.

39. In zin automatic iiiusiczil instrument, zi set of tone elements,ineens providing' :i pzitli l'or record controlled impulses, sindconnections to tlie set-of tone elements, controlled by tbe impulses,said connections including ii. valve, menus for ullci'nritelji' openingand closing` tlie saine b v succf ive impulses und, Aineliiding' n vulvetor ell'eclfing tlie opening movement, zi second control valve foreffecting the closing iii iveiiient, :i single nieinber for:ilternalinggly engaging the control Valves, pneuiniiticiilly opeiziledineens :ind locking ineens for lioldinii' ilie single inenib-er inlocked enneigement ivitli one ot the control valves unt-il tlie end oliYtlie impulse and placing .it in position to engage tlie otlier cent-rolvzilve :is soon lis llie impulse is ended.

#10. ln :in automatic.musical instrument, :i

l set ot' tone elements, ineens providing;- :i pelli fioif recordcontrolled impulses, zuid connections to tlie set ot tone elen'ients,controlled b), llie impulses, said, connections 'ini'iludingi :i velve,und meclizrnisni for :ili'eriiii'tely opening und closing` the saine bysuccessive impulses, including vcontrol valves for initiziting- 'theopening` and closing oiPA saidv valve, ii. pneumatic for opening thecontrol Valves ind zi. pneunizitic-spring ineens for musing; tlieopening of tlie control if'zilves 'lo occur sue." s ively.

all., lfii :iu niitoiiiiitic iijiusiiicnl instruiiie'iil1 impulses ol:dill' :i plurality oi2 sets of tone elen'ients, ineens 'providing` :icommon pelli for record controlled impulses ot diiler'ntclizirzieterif-itics, conti-ol nie-ins functionally responsive to theimpulses of ilill'ercnt clinizicterlistics, i'especively, :andconnections between tlie coniiicins` sind 'ilie sets ein' tone elementsi ectifelgu ciicli connection incliii'lini :i vulve und iiierins Yloropeningv the vulve ind locking it in open position under control ot' oneinijulse iniinirted to tlie corresi onding control menus find releasing*it nder control et c, succeeding' Kimpulse imp: to siiiil controlineens.

ln :in liiitoiinii'io inusicil instrun'ieiit, fi ity olf ot toneelements, iiicziiis :i common pelli it'or record coniiiipulses olfilillfeieiit cliiiriieterislics, icliionzilly i'espi'insive to tlieuiiierent chair; cterislics respeccoiitrol means comprisingpneudillerent cenni-ities, conneci'lie control ineens unil tlic setsive-ly, ssii,

`tics lim/*ir l. i n between '-ioii including zi vulve :ind menus toropen-- ini,r llic vulve under control olt one impulse iiiipzirtod totlie corresponding control Vln :iii :iutoiuzitic musicaliiisli'uniciili, :i plursililgv ol' ysels ot lone elciiients, ineens}'iroviiflin v :i coiiiiuon pailli lor record controlled iiiil'iulscsolf ilii'l'oient clini'iiclfcristics1 coritrol niciins lunclioniillyresponsive lo tlie A rent clizii'iict-crii" spicclivcly, sziiil controliiiciins coiiipriinij pneu iiiiii'icsI oll ilillcreiit collapsing;siccil` conl necfions bctivceii ilic conl ol iiicziiis nid l'lic .setsol lone clcinenls ii-speciiivcly, cli-gli coiinc'tioii iiicliii'linj; :ivrili'e unil ineens toi' oi'iciiiiic1 'die verre unilci' control o oneimpulse iiiipzii'lcd to i' pondii'i-:i' coiiirol menus :ind closing' ituniicr control ol'I :i iicceedinev impulse iiiipzzrleil to sziidcoiili'ol ineens.

ll. ln in iilloiniilic iiiusiczil inslruiiicsil, :i i'iliii'ulil'y ol.ses ot tone elei'iients, ineens il rules nl nient i'e:pccl`ivcly,connections bclvfcii l'i control ineens and tlie sets of ione elerespectively, ezicli connectioi 'ncliii viilve :find means r opening`r`t ie viili'e u' control o'f one impulse inipiirtec to tlie coi'-icsponiling control ineens end closing' l control of :i succeediiiiij inipul'sc iniiiiicc pui-lod to sziid conti-ol ineens,

alii. ln :iii :iulouirilfic iiiusii-il iiisli'iiiiiciit,

s ione clciiicinis respectively, ciicli eonnecllO a plurality ot ot toneelements, means providing a commen path tor record controlled impulseset differentcharacteristics, control means functionally responsive tothe impulses ot dill'erent characteristics, respectively, said controlmeans comprising including' a valve and nneans` `for openingthe valve u?ler control one impulse in'npartel to the correspending` control meansand clesing' it under control oi a succeeding imnulse imparted to saidcontrol means.

c5. In an automatic musical instrument, a pliu'ality o'if sets of toneelements, means providi a common path 'tor record ccntrolled impulses otdifferent character-isticsN control. means ,impulses oli di erent characeiistics, respectively7 said control mans comprising pneumatics ha t,different rates of speed in collaUL means for controlling the supply ettension to one ot the pneumatics vdiere"y the relative sneed between'the two pneumatics is controlled, connections bctween the control meansand the sets of tone elements respectively, each connection Iincluding;`a valve and means 'for opening the valve under control et one impulseimparted to the corresponding control means and closing' it undercontrol ot a succeeding impulse imparted to said control means.

47. In an automatic musical instrument, a plurality ot sets of toneelements, means providing' a common path for record controlled impulsesoit dii'ferei'it characteristics, primary circuit closing' meanscontrolled by the impluses olf' different characteristics, respectively,secondary circuit closing,- means, connections between the latter meansand the sets ot tone elements, respectively, and connections between theprimary circuit closing moans and the secondary circuit closing means,including pneumatically oper- .able valves having' connection with thesecondary circuit closing` means to control the operation et the latter,respectively, and also including means lor locking` said valves intooperative position with resepect to the secondary circuit closing` meansupon one operation o'tl the corresponding primary circuit closinn meansand releasing it upon a siicreeding operation thereof, whereby thesccrnulary circuit closing means are operated lo make and brealr thelcorresponding' circuits by successive impulses imparted to the primarycircuit closingmeans and are maintained in operative relation with thecorresponding sets of tone elements throughout the interim between saidsuccessive impulses.

4S. In an automatic musical instrument,

'tunctionally responsive to the' a plurality o'l' sets of tone elements,means providinga common path for record controlled impulses ofdii'l'erent characteristics, control members functionally responsive tothe impulses o't' diilcrent characteristics respectively, valvesrespectively controlled by the control members, connections between thecontrol members and the respective valves, to open and lock the latterin one operation olf the corresponding control member and release itin'the next operation thereof, controlling devices for the sets of toneelements and control connections `between the sets controllingdevicesand the tiret-mentioned valves, respectively.

49. In an automatic musical instrument, a plurality of sets of toneelements, means providing' a common path ior record controlled impulsesoi' di'llerent characteristics, operating means functionally responsiveto the impulses ol different characteristics respectively, valvesrespectively controlled bv the operating` means, connections between theoperating means and the respective valves to open and lock the latter inone operation oil the corresponding operating means and release it inthe next operation thereof, controlling devices for the sets of toneelements and pneumato-electric control connections between the setscontrollintgr devices and the iirst mentioned valves respectively.

50. In an automatic musical instrument, a plurality of sets of toneelements, means providing a common path for record controlled impulseso'f dilerent characteristics, control members functionally responsive tothe impulses oit diiTerent characteristics respectively, valvesrespectively controlled by the control members, connections between thecontrol nembers and the respective valves, to open and lock the latterin one operation of the corresponding control member and release it inthe next operation thereof, controlling` devices for the sets of t-oneelements, connections comprising a motor pneumatic directly in controlof' the first mentioned valves, and electro-pneumatic operatinpl means'tor a set controlling device and controlled by the motor pneumatic.

5l. In an automatic musical instrument, a. plurality et sets of toneelements, means providing,` a conunon path lor record controlledimpulses o t different characteristics, control incl'nbersituiuftionally responsive, to the impuls is ol different characteristicsrespectively, valves respectively controlled by the control members,connections between the control members and the respective valves toopen and lock the latter in one operation of the correspondingr bontrolmember and release it in the next operation thereof', control devicesfor the sets ot' tone elements and control connections between said setscontrolling devices and valves respectively, comprising contact makingpneumatics operatively controlled by said valves, and electro-magneticcontrol means for the sets controlling devices, controlled by thecontact making pneumatics.

52. In an automatic musical instrument, a plurality of sets of toneelements, means providing a common path for record controlled impulsesot diii'erent characteristics, control members functionally responsiveto the impulses ot different characteristics respectively', valvesArespectively controlled by the control niembers, Aconnections betweenthe con-trol members and the respective valves, said connectionsincluding oscillating control members and means .during one ope ation to`place the same in position to cause the reverse action of the saidvalves in the nent operation, -sets controlling devices and controlconnections between said devices and valves, respectively.

53. In an automatic musical instrument, a plurality of sets of toneelements, .means providing a common vpath for record controlled impulsesof different characteristics, control members functionally responsive tothe impulses of different characteristics respectively, valvesrespectively controlled by the control members, connections between thecontrol members and the respective valves, said connections includingoscillating valve control members and pneumatic means, during oneoperation to place the same in position to cause the reverse action ofthe said valves in the next operation,

sets controlling devices, and control connections between said devicesand valves, respectively.

54:. In an automatic musical instrument, a plurality ot sets oi' toneelements, means providing a common path :tor record controlled impulsesof different characteristics, control members functionally responsive tothe impulses of different characteristics respectively, valvesrespectively controlled by the control members, connect-ions between thecontrol members and the respective valves, said connections includingoscillating control members and spriiig-pneumatic means under control ofthe valve during each operation to place the control members in positionto cause the reverse action of the valves in the succeeding operation,sets controlling devices andcontrol connections between the setscontrolling devices and valves, respectively.

55. In an automatic musi al instrument, a plurality ot sets of toneelements, means providing` a common path for record con trolledimpulsesof different characteristics, control members functionally responsive tothe impulses yot different characteristics re spectively, valvesrespectively controlled by the control members, connections between thecontrol member and the respective valves, said connect-ions including alongitudinally movable and oscillating control member andspring-pneumatic means under control of the valves during each operationto place the control members in position to cause the reverse action otthe valves in the next operati-on, sets controlling devices and controlconnections between said devices and valves, respectively.

56. In an automatic musical instrument, a plurality ot' sets ot toneproducing elements, a plurality ot devices, respectively tor controllingthe speaking ot' notes within said sets, a single record controlledelement ior controlling said plurality of devices, connections betweenthe record controlled element and devices for operating one or more ,ofthe devices, said connection-s comprising slow acting and quick actingmeans.

57. AIn an automatic musical instrument, a plurality of sets ottoneproducing elements, a plurality of devices, respectively for controllingthe speaking of notes within said sets, a` single record controlledelement :tor controlling said plurality of devices, connections betweenthe record controlled element and oevices for operating one or more lotthe devices, said connections comprising slow acting and quick actingpneumatics.

58. In an automatic musical instrument, a plurality of sets ot toneproducing elements, a. plurality of devices, respectively torcontrolling the speaking ot notes within said sets, a single recordcontrolled element 'tor controlling` said plurality of devices,connections vbetween the record controlled element and devices toroperating one or more of the devices, said Vconnections comprising slowand quick acting` means, and mechanisms operated respectively by theslow and quick acting means to operate the respective devices.

59. In an automatic musical instrument, a plurality of sets of toneproducing elements, a plurality otdevices, respectively or'controllingthe speaking of notes within said sets, a single record controlledelement for controlling said plurality of devices, and connectionsbetween the record controlled element and devices tor operating one ormore ot the devices, said connections comprising slow and quick actingmeans, mechanisms, including valves, operated respectively by tlie slowand quick acting means and means controlled by the respective mechanismsto cause the respective devices to be returned to normal position upon asecond operation of the quick acting or slow acting mechanism.

.60. In an .automatic musical instrument, a .plurality of sets ot toneproducing ele-

